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1. Folklore 250A Folklore Theory and Techniques
Folklore Theory and Techniques
University of California, Berkeley Fall Semester 2005
Department of Anthropology Charles L. Briggs
Anthropology 250A
This seminar explores the emergence of notions of tradition and modernity and their continual reproduction in dominant epistemologies and political formations. It uses a range of contemporary scholarship (Anderson, Chakrabarty, Foucault, Latour, Mignolo, Pateman, Poovey, and others) to critically reread how foundational works published between the seventeenth and mid-twentieth centuries in folklore and anthropology, and the philosophical texts with which they are in dialogue, are imbricated within and help produce traditionalities and modernities. The second semester brings the project up to the present.
Graduate students from all departments are welcome. Students who previously
took Folklore 250A and/or B can retake the course for credit.
Requirements
1. Faithful preparation of readings for class and participation in seminar.
2. A 1-2 page prospectus for the research paper, due 3 October.
3. An oral presentation, during the class session of 7 December, of the research project.
4. A research project, resulting in an approx. 25 pp. (double-spaced) research paper, due on 12 December, that a) develops a critical approach and b) applies it to the critical evaluation of a body of scholarship related to the topic of the seminar.
Required Texts:
Anderson, Benedict 1991[1983]. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. (Revised edition). London: Verso.
Bauman, Richard, and Charles L. Briggs. 2003. Voices of Modernity: Language
Ideologies and Social Inequality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bendix, Regina. 1997. In Search of Authenticity: The Formation of Folklore Studies. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
García Canclini, Nestor. 1995[1990] Hybrid Cultures: Strategies for Entering and Exiting Modernity. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Latour, Bruno (1987). Science in action: how to follow scientists and engineers through society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Themes and Readings
1. Introduction: The Communicability of Tradition and Modernity
2. Tools for Creating a Critical Project
Chakrabarty, Dipesh, Provincializing Europe. 2000. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Intro and Chap 1.
Latour, Bruno (1987). Science in action: how to follow scientists and engineers through society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 1-62, 103-44.
Clifford, James. 1988. The Predicament of Culture: twentieth-century Ethnography, Literature, and Art. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 21-54.
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. 1981. Can the Subaltern Speak? In Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, ed. Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg, pp. 271-313.
Recommended readings:
Latour, Bruno. 1993[1991]. We Have Never Been Modern. Catherine Porter, trans. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, chap. 1-2.
White, Hayden. 1978. Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, pp. 51-80.
3. Creating Modern/Traditional Communicabilities and Subjectivities
Francis Bacon, Novum Organum, in The Works of Francis Bacon, ed. James Spedding, Vol IV, pp. 13-33, 119-127, 292-299, 407-413
John Aubrey, Three Prose Works, 3-9, 129-133, 203-205, 254-255, 289-90, 307-317, 444-445
John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Book II, Chap. I; Book III, Chap. IX-XI; Book IV, Chap. V, XXI
Abrahams, Roger D. 1993. Phantoms of Romantic Nationalism in Folkloristics. Journal of American Folklore 106:3-37.
Bauman and Briggs, Voices, chap. 1-2.
Richard Dorson. 1968. The British Folklorists: A History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, chap. 1.
Recommended Readings:
John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, pp. 169-73, 307-61, 374-99
Michel Foucault, The Order of Things, pp. 3-124
Bruno Latour, We Have Never Been Modern, pp. 1-90
Mignolo, Walter. 2000. Local histories/global designs: Coloniality, subaltern knowledges, and border thinking. Princeton: Princeton Uiversity Press.
Pateman, Carole, The Sexual Contract , esp. chap. 4.
Stoler, Ann, Race and the Education of Desire, esp. pp. 19-54.
4. Imagining Tradition and Modernity (and Culture) in Time and Space
Bakhtin, M. M. 1981. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays, tr., Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist, ed. Michael Holquist. Austin: University of Texas Press. Pp. 84-85, 250-58.
Bowker, Geoffrey C., and Susan Leigh Star. 1999. Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Intro and chap. 1.
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1950[1755]). A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality, In The Social Contract and Discourses, trans by G. D. H. Cole. New York: E. P. Dutton, pp. 196-244
Moran, John H., and Alexander Gode, eds. 1966. Essay on the Origin of Language. In On the Origin of Language: Jean Jacques Rousseau, Essay on the Origin of Languages and Johann Gottfried Herder, Essay on the Origin of Language, tr. John H. Moran and Alexander Gode. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Tylor, Edward B. 1889[1871]. Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Language, Art and Custom. New York: Henry Holt. Prefaces, vol. 1: chap. 1, 2, 5 (pp.160-70, 198-99), 6 (pp. 200-203, 231-39), 8 (pp. 273-85, 298-306, 314-5), 9 (pp. 316-21, 366-7), 10 (pp. 368-74, 413-16), 11 (pp. 417- 18); vol 2: chap. 17 (pp. 355-61), 19.
Boas, Franz. 1940[1920]. The Methods of Ethnology. In Race, Language and Culture. Pp. 281-89. New York: Free Press.
_____. 1940 [1914]. Mythology and Folk-Tales of the North American Indians. In Race, Language and Culture. Pp. 451-490. New York: Free Press.
_____. 1940 [1916]. The Development of Folk-Tales and Myths. In Race, Language and Culture. Pp. 397-406. New York: Free Press.
_____. 1974. A Franz Boas Reader: The Shaping of American Anthropology, 1883-1911, George W. Stocking, Jr., ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Pp. 67-71, 135-48
Krohn, Kaarle. 1971[1926]. Folklore Methodology, transl. by Rober L. Welsch. Austin: University of Texas Press, pp. 17-63, 99-107, 119-127, 135-39, 174-77.
von Sydow, C. W. 1965[1948]. Folktale Studies and Philology: Some Points of View. In Alan Dundes, ed., The Study of Folklore, pp. 219-42. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Aarne, Antti, and Stith Thompson. 1964. The Types of the Folktale: A Classification and Bibliography. (Second edition). FF Communications 184. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Academia Scientarium Fennica, pp. 5-9, 19-27.
Thompson, Stith. 1932. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Academia Scientarium Fennica. Vol 1, pp. 1-30, 53-67.
Thompson, Stith. 1965. The Star Husband Tale. In Alan Dundes, ed., The Study of Folklore, pp. 414-74. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Dorson, Richard M. 1955. The Eclipse of Solar Mythology. Journal of American
Folklore 68:393-416. (Reprinted in Alan Dundes, ed., The Study of Folklore, pp. 57-83).
Recommended:
(Review Chakrabarty, Introduction)
Burrow, J.W. 1966. Evolution and Society: A Study in Victorian Social Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Condorcet, Antoine-Nicolas de (1955[1795]). Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind. June Barraclough, trans. New York: Noonday Press, pp. 163-202.
Fabian, Johannes (1983). Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object. New York: Columbia University Press.
Foucault, Michel. The Order of Things
Grimm, Jacob. 1984 [1851]. On the origin of language, tr. by Raymond A. Wiley. Leiden: E. Brill.
Hacking, Ian (1990). The Taming of Chance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-46, 105-124.
Porter, Theodore (1995). Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Stocking, George W., Jr. 1968. Race, Culture, and Evolution: Essays in the History of Anthropology. New York: Free Press.
5. Creating an Authentic National Subject, Inventing Tradition
Anderson, Imagined Communities, chap. 1-6, 10-11
Herder, Johann Gottfried (1969). Johann Gottfried Herder on Social and Political Culture, ed. by F. M. Barnard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 296-301, 314-26
Herder, Johann Gottfried (1966[1787]). Essay on the Origin of Language. In On the Origin of Language: Jean Jacques Rousseau, Essay on the Origin of Languages and Johann Gottfried Herder, Essay on the Origin of Language, tr. John H. Moran and Alexander Gode. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 85-99.
Grimm, Jacob, and Wilhelm Grimm. 1981[1816]. Foreword. In The German Legends of the Brothers Grimm, ed. and trans. Donald Ward, vol. 1, pp. 1-11. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues.
_____. 1987 [1819]. Preface to the second edition of Die Kinder- und Hausmärchen. In The hard facts of the Grimms' fairy tales, ed. by Maria Tatar, 215-222. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Bendix, In Search of Authenticity, 27-44.
Bauman and Briggs, Voices of Modernity, chap. 5-7.
Stewart, Susan. 1994. Crimes of Writing: Problems in the Containment of Representation. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 66-131
Hobsbawm, Eric. 1983. Introduction. In The Invention of Tradition. Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger, eds. Pp. 1-14. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Handler, Richard, and Jocelyn Linnekin. 1984. Tradition, Genuine or Spurious. Journal of American Folklore 97:273-90.
Briggs, Charles L. 1996. The politics of discursive authority in research on the "invention of tradition." Cultural Anthropology 11(4):435-69.
Recommended readings:
(Also, see Jacob Grimm’s On the Origin of Language above)
Herzfeld, Michael. 1982. Ours Once More: Folklore, Ideology, and the Making of Modern Greece. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Wilson, William. 1976. Folklore and Nationalism in Modern Finland. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
6. Orality versus Literacy, Authenticity, and the Politics of the Text.
Derrida, Jacques. (1974) Of Grammatology. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 29-73.
Lord, Albert Bates. (1960). The Singer of Tales. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. Foreword, -13-67, 124-38.
Finnegan, Ruth (1977). Oral Poetry: Its Nature, Significance, and Social Context. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 1-29, 244-71.
Goody, J. (1977) The Domestication of the Savage Mind, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1-18, 146-62.
Halverson, J. 1992. Goody and the implosion of the literacy thesis. Man 27:301-317.
(Review Bauman and Briggs, Voices of Modernity, chap. 4-8)
Dorson, Richard. 1969. Fakelore. Zeitschrift fur Volkskunde 65:56-64.
Dundes, Alan. 1989. The Fabrication of Fakelore. In Dundes, Folklore Matters. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, pp. 40-56.
Bendix, In Search of Authenticity, 45-228.
Bauman, Richard. 1992. Folklore. In Richard Bauman, ed., Folklore, Cultural Performances, and Popular Entertainments: A Communications-Centered Handbook (New York: Oxford Univ. Press), pp. 29-40.
Recommended reading:
Eisenstein, Elizabeth L. (1980). The Printing Press as an Agent of Change: Communications and Cultural Transformations in Early-Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Finnegan, Ruth (1988) Literacy and Orality: Studies in the Technology of Communication, Oxford: Blackwell. *
Foley, John Miles (1988). The Theory of Oral Composition: History and Method. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Havelock, Eric. (1963). Preface to Plato. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Heath, H. B. (1983) Ways with Words. Language, Life, and Work in Communities and Classroms, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Johns, Adrian. (1998). The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Ong, W. J. (1967) The Presence of the Word, New Haven: Yale University Press.
Parry, Milman. (1971). The Making of Homeric Verse: The Collected Papers of Milman Parry. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Tedlock, Dennis. (1983). The Spoken Word and the Work of Interpretation. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, esp. chap 1, 7.
7. Vernacular Critiques of Traditionality and Modernity: Conceptual Frames
Marx, Karl. The Fetishim of Commodities. In Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, vol. 1. New York: International. Pp. 71-83.
Gramsci, Antonio. 1971. Selections from the Prison Notebooks. Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell Smith, ed. and trans. New York: International. Pp. 3-23.
Scott, James C. 1985. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press. Pp. 1-47, 304-50.
Kaplan, Martha, and John D. Kelly. 1994. Rethinking Resistance: Dialogics of ‘Disaffection’in Colonial Fiji. American Ethnologist 21(1):123-51.
Guss, David M. 1986. Keeping It Oral: A Yekuana Ethnology. American Ethnologist 13(3):413-29.
8. Vernacular Critiques of Traditionality and Modernity: Vernacular Critical Discourses
For collective discussion, please choose three of the following books to present in class:
Abu-Luchod, Lila. 1986. Veiled Sentiments: Honor and Poetry in a Bedouin Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Bacon-Smith, Camille. 1992. Enterprising Women: Television Fandom and the Creation of Popular Myth. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Basso, Keith. 1979. Portraits of the Whiteman: Linguistic Play and Cultural Symbols among the Western Apache. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bauman, Richard. 1996. Transformations of the Word in the Production of Mexican Festival Drama. In Michael Silverstin and Greg Urban, eds., Natural Histories of Discourse, pp. 310-27. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Briggs, Charles L. (1988). Competence in performance: The creativity of tradition in Mexicano verbal art. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Browning, Barbara. 1995. Samba: Resistance in Motion. Bloomington: Indiana
University Press.
Caraveli-Chaves, Anna. 1980. Bridge Between Worlds: The Greek Women’s Lament as Communicative Event. Journal of American Folklore 93:129-57.
Comaroff, Jean. 1985. Body of Power, Spirit of Resistance: The Culture and History of a South African People. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Flores, Richard. 1995. Los Pastores: History and Performance in the Mexican Shepherds' Play of South Texas. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Gonzenbach, Laura. 2004. Beautiful Angiola: The Great Treasury of Sicilian Folk and Fairy Tales. Transl. by Jack Zipes. New York: Routledge, 2004.
Lavie, Smadar. 1990. The Poetics of Military Occupation: Mzeina Allegories of Bedouin Identity under Israeli and Egyptian Rule. Berkeley: University of California Press.
(Available on campus at http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft967nb605/)
Levine, Lawrence W. 1977. Black Culture and Black Consciousness Afro-American Folk Thought from Slavery to Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Limón, José. 1994. Dancing with the Devil: Society and Cultural Poetics in Mexican-American South Texas. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Mathias, Elizabeth and Richard Raspa. 1985. Italian Folktales in America: The Verbal Art of an Immigrant Woman. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
Paredes, Américo. 1958. With His Pistol in His Hand: A Border Ballad and Its Hero. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Radway, Janice A. 1991. Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,
Seremetakis, C. Nadia. 1991. The Last Word: Women, Death, and Divination in Inner Mani. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Taussig, Michael T. 1980. The Devil and Commodity Fetishism in South America.
Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press.
Turner, Patricia. 1993. I heard it through the grapevine rumor in African-American culture. Berkele : University of California Press.
White, Luise. 2000. Speaking with Vampires: Rumor and History in Colonial Africa. Berkeley : University of California Press
Yúdice, George. 2003. The Expediency of Culture: Uses of Culture in the Global Era. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
I will discuss some of my own work in this context:
Briggs, Charles L. (1988). Competence in performance: The creativity of tradition in
Mexicano verbal art. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Briggs, Charles L., and Julián Josué Vigil. (1990). The lost gold mine of Juan
Mondragón: A legend of New Mexico performed by Melaquías Romero. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Briggs, Charles L. (1992). 'Since I am a woman, I will chastise my relatives': gender, reported speech, and the (re)production of social relations in Warao ritual wailing. American Ethnologist 19:337-61.
Briggs, Charles L. (1993). "I'm not just talking to the victims of oppression tonight—I'm talking to everybody": Rhetorical authority and narrative authenticity in an African-American poetics of political engagement. Journal of Narrative and Life History 3(1):33-77.
Briggs, Charles L. (1993). Personal sentiments and polyphonic voices in Warao women's ritual wailing: Music and poetics in a critical and collective discourse. American Anthropologist 95:929-57.
Briggs, Charles L. (1996). Conflict, language ideologies, and privileged arenas of discursive authority in Warao dispute mediation. In Charles L. Briggs, ed., Disorderly discourse: Narrative, conflict, and social inequality, pp. 204-42. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Briggs, Charles L. (2000). Emergence of the non-indigenous peoples: A Warao narrative. In Kay Sammons and Joel Sherzer, eds., Translating Native Latin American verbal art: Ethnopoetics and ethnography of speaking, pp. 174-96. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Briggs, Charles L., with Clara Mantini-Briggs. (2003). Stories in the time of cholera: Racial profiling during a medical nightmare. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Briggs, Charles L. (2004). Theorizing modernity conspiratorially: Science, scale, and the political economy of public discourse in explanations of a cholera epidemic. American Ethnologist 31(2):163-186.
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